Haze resulting from forest and land fires not only reduces visibility but also poses health risks. Fine particles and various pollutants contained in the smoke can be inhaled and enter the respiratory tract. Such exposure can lead to a range of issues, from irritation and coughing to the exacerbation of pre-existing respiratory conditions. Therefore, it is important to recognize these impacts and take appropriate protective measures. So, how to protect yourself during haze? Here are several things you need to do! 

What is Haze?

Haze refers to poor air quality caused by airborne pollutants, including sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter such as PM10, which consists of particles measuring 10 microns or less. It is typically characterised by a hazy or opalescent appearance in the atmosphere and reduced visibility.

Haze forms when sunlight interacts with tiny pollutant particles suspended in the air. These particles absorb and scatter some of the sunlight before it reaches our eyes, reducing the clarity and color of the surrounding environment. As a result, visibility decreases and overall air quality deteriorates.

Haze Impacts on Health

Haze exposure (whether it’s a short or prolonged exposure) can cause several health impacts on your body. Here are the explanation:

1. Short-Term Effects of Haze

• Among healthy individuals, short-term exposure (i.e. continuous exposure to unhealthy daily average PSI levels over a period of a few days) to high levels of haze particles may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. Such irritation resolves on its own in most cases.
• Haze particles can affect the heart and lungs, especially in people who already have chronic heart or lung disease e.g. asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or heart failure.
• There may be up to 1-3 days of lag time between exposure to haze and health effects/symptoms.

2. Long-Term Effects of Haze

Long-term haze exposure can affect both respiratory and cardiovascular health. Prolonged exposure to fine particles such as PM2.5 may contribute to breathing problems, reduced lung function, heart disease, and worsening of existing conditions. 

Children, older adults, pregnant people, and those with lung or heart conditions may be more vulnerable. To reduce risks, monitor air quality, limit outdoor exposure during severe haze, use appropriate respiratory protection, and keep indoor air clean.

How to Protect Yourself during Haze 

Summarized from various sources, here are several ways to protect yourself during haze:

1. Check the Air Quality Before Going Outside

One of the easiest ways to protect yourself during haze is to check the local air quality before heading outdoors. Air quality indexes can help you understand whether outdoor conditions are suitable for normal activities. If air quality reaches an unhealthy level, consider limiting unnecessary outdoor activities and spending more time indoors. Pay particular attention to official local health or environmental advisories.

2. Wear a Suitable Mask

A properly fitted particulate respirator, such as an N95, KN95, or equivalent, can help reduce your exposure to fine particles when haze is present. Make sure the mask fits closely around your nose and mouth without significant gaps. Regular cloth or surgical masks may not provide the same level of protection against fine particles. If you need to spend time outdoors during heavy haze, choose respiratory protection appropriate for particulate pollution.

3. Keep Indoor Air Clean

Staying indoors does not automatically mean you are completely protected from haze. Outdoor pollutants can enter your home through open windows, doors, and ventilation systems. During periods of poor air quality, keep windows and doors closed when practical. An appropriately sized air purifier with a HEPA filter can also help reduce airborne particles indoors. If you use air conditioning, check whether your system can filter fine particles effectively and maintain it according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

4. Limit Outdoor Activities

When haze levels are high, try to reduce the amount of time you spend outdoors. Avoid strenuous outdoor exercise because breathing harder can increase the amount of polluted air you inhale. If you normally jog, cycle, or exercise outside, consider moving your workout indoors until air quality improves. Keeping outdoor activities brief can also help reduce exposure.

5. Stay Hydrated and Look After Your Health

Haze can cause irritation and discomfort, including dry or irritated eyes, nose, and throat. Drinking enough water and getting adequate rest can help you stay comfortable. Avoid smoking or exposing yourself to additional sources of indoor air pollution. If you develop significant breathing difficulty, chest pain, severe or persistent symptoms, or other concerning symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.